Why does Bhutan have a specialist-deficit despite free healthcare?

The primary tier delivers world-class metrics for a country of Bhutan's income. The specialist tier is constrained because consultants train abroad and a meaningful share do not return on the schedule the country needs — the structural-return rate for senior fellowship-trained consultants within five years of completion has been below 60%. The wage and clinical-environment differential between Thimphu and Brisbane / the Gulf is the binding constraint.